—–. 1989. The brand new Sentence structure and you can Semantics out of Verb Morphology from inside the Modern Aramaic: A beneficial Jewish Dialect out of Iraqi Kurdistan. Western Chinese language Collection, 69. New Retreat: American China Society.
Meehan, Charles, and Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The fresh Child Whoever Tunic Stuck to Your: An excellent Folktale regarding Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel Chinese language Education 9:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Tale and you can Record for the a period out-of Lamentations toward Ninth out-of Ab regarding Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out-of Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The ebook off Exodus when you look at the Neo-Aramaic from the Dialect of your Jewish People of Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Drive.
This type of half a dozen binyanim regarding Syriac were reduced in NENA in order to one or two basic groups, having a 3rd closely allied on next
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and you can Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Code Get in touch with, Creolization, and you can Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley and La: Univ. out of California Drive.
The first category descends from the fresh peal, another category from the pael, as well as the 3rd, whose vocalism employs that of the next, hails from the afel
Various other basis complicating the issue ‘s the differential influences of the some co-territorial dialects. This new dialect distinctions within this Kurdish have become significant, and to its impact will be tracked some of the type among NENA languages. Including, the Jewish Neo-Aramaic of Halabja, like the Kurdish of your own area, cannot differentiate a gift and coming stressful, but in which Kurdish preserves such as a change, therefore do Neo-Aramaic. Inside Azerbaijan, Turkish possess exerted good effect on new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), as well as the languages of your simple regarding Mosul inform you an effective dictate away from Arabic perhaps not seen in other places.
Tkhuma (Tx): The language of descendants regarding emigrants from of your partial-separate ashirets away from southeast Chicken, now citizen along side Khabur Valley in the Syria. Information is out-of Jacobi (1973) and you can my personal notes.
(5) Syriac got three first verbal stems, the latest peal, the fresh pael, as well as the afel. To the was additional about three couch potato stems, designed regarding the very first of those by prefixation of elizabeth[Theta]-: the brand new age[Theta]pael, brand new age[Theta]paal, while the ettafal. This example is obtainable while in the NENA. In most NENA languages, verbs have a tendency to remain in the new verb kinds in which they certainly were found in earlier degree of words https://datingranking.net/cs/interracial-dating-central-recenze/. That’s, the brand new descendant out-of a great Syriac peal verb could well be a beneficial NENA Class I verb, and you may a great Syriac pael verb was a NENA Group II verb: like, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ out-of earlier peal, and sadure ‘send’ of earlier pael. not, into the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and perhaps Koy Sanjaq, the class registration could have been reorganized that will be predictable to the basis of form of the fresh stalk in place of the historic provider. Such as for instance, from inside the Azerbaijani the new C stem has got the function CaCoC- for voice verbs, whatever its origin, and you can CCaC- for center-weakened verbs: garosen ‘I have always been pulling’, but kwasan ‘I (f.) in the morning descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Several other very high creativity in NENA ‘s the 3rd people copula with l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type can get get (Noldeke 1868, 203) from we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, however, zero copula like it is positioned outside NENA. The first and you may second people don’t possess an enthusiastic l, but in the Jewish Azerbaijani, where the l might have been general through the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin we:winnings ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is during the NENA but into the Halabja, which includes -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it ‘s the month regarding mercy’. None Turoyo neither Mandaic enjoys versions synchronous so you’re able to ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he was here’, harke-zero ‘I was here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he are charming’, basim-na ‘I are charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The old Aramaic word to possess ‘son’, bra in BT, might have been longer in most NENA but Hertevin because of the inclusion of one’s diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, private communications), Zakho brona (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 177). Yet not, one another Turoyo and you may Mandaic have an epenthetic vowel, however, zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) Oftentimes, Hertevin aligns with Turoyo, against the rest of NENA. They does not have a great CCaCa introduce demanding (6), has no sodir preterite (12), has no preposition ta (15), and you will spends ruh to create reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The fresh Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect away from Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Research and you will Folkloristic Texts. Janua Linguarum, series practica step three. The fresh Hague: Mouton.
