Bee Variety Range
Away from 2009 to help you 2018, 192 bee kinds (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was indeed trapped during the Calanques Federal Park thru each other websites and you will pan trap selections. It belonged to half a dozen household and you will 38 genera. Megachilidae try more variety-rich nearest and dearest, with Apidae and you may Halictidae, that have 53, forty two, and you can 43 variety, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is actually the latest richest genus, having 33 variety, whereas eight genera was in fact depicted of the just one types (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table step 1 [online simply] ). Using the jackknife step 1 and you may dos spiders, the complete bee varieties fullness are estimated to be anywhere between ± nine.89 and ± . The brand new seen richness ergo depicted 71.step 3 so you’re able to 79.6% of the projected bee fullness ( Table dos). The newest Chao1 strategy estimated the fresh noticed fullness is 76.8% of your potential maximum fullness ( Desk 2). One particular plentiful species is Apis mellifera L. (276 somebody), accompanied by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you may 168 some body, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 individuals). Ultimately, fifty variety (26%) had been illustrated by just one personal (singletons).
Environment Traits out of Bees
Regarding the ecological traits from nesting choice, i identified 59 solitary bee variety nesting over surface, 92 unmarried bee types nesting below ground and 23 cleptoparasitic varieties, corresponding to 29.eight, 47.9, and you can several.0% of complete bee species fullness, correspondingly. I identified four social types (bumble bees and you will honey bees-dos.1%). In the long run, the new nesting needs of 14 variety continue to be unfamiliar (7.3%- Supp Table 1 [on the internet simply] ). About your flowery diet plan away from bee species, i learned that 105 varieties (54.7%) foraged towards the an array of bush kinds (i.age., generalist types, polylectic) and you will 51 kinds (twenty-six.5%) foraged on one plant loved ones or one/pair bush types (we.e., specialist varieties, oligolectic). With the left thirty-six bee varieties (18.8%), new floral diet wasn’t known (e.grams., having cleptoparasitic kinds). However, extremely generalist kinds presented a preference for example otherwise a few plant group ( Supp Dining table step 1 [online just] ). To the forty-two singletons, fourteen bee kinds (28%) was gurus, and you may nine bee varieties (18%) was cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step 1 [online merely] ).
An enthusiastic IUCN reputation is available for 178 types (excluding brand new kinds buildings and unidentified types). One of those, 47 kinds had been classified as research lacking (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 species was minimum worried (LC-69.6%), six varieties were close threatened (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you may L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), plus one kinds try sensed endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Dining table step one [on the internet simply] ). About three oligolectic varieties were among the many eight endangered bee types. A beneficial. ovatula and you may C. albomaculatus is gurus to the Fabaceae, D. argentata is actually a specialist on the Caprifoliaceae.
Out of 2009 so you can 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was basically stuck in the Calanques National Park. It belonged to twenty-four genera ( Supp Dining table dos [on the web just] ). More abundant genera have been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 someone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen individuals), and you can Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville inside Latreille, 1828 (thirteen some one), whereas 20 types (53%) had been illustrated from the just one private ( Supp Desk dos [on the internet just] ). The bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was represented from the 20 variety, and additionally four singletons (25%) ( Supp Table step 3 [online simply] ). The fresh quote of full varieties richness of hover flies and bee flies try anywhere between 83 and you can 97 types making use of the jackknife step 1 and you will 2 spiders, respectively. Therefore, the new noticed fullness depicted 59.8–69.9% of one’s projected hover fly and you will bee travel richness ( Table dos).
